Definition:
At its core, a textile is any flexible material made of a network of natural or artificial fibers (yarns or threads). These fibers are interlaced, knitted, woven, knotted, or bonded together to create a fabric.
• Fibers are the basic units (tiny hair-like structures).
• Yarns are long continuous strands made by twisting fibers.
• Fabrics/Textiles are surfaces made by arranging yarns or fibers systematically.
Main Ways of Making Textiles:
1. Weaving:
Interlacing two sets of yarns (warp and weft) at right angles.
Example: Denim, canvas, linen.
2. Knitting:
Looping yarns together with needles.
Example: Sweaters, socks.
3. Non-woven:
Directly bonding or felting fibers together without weaving or knitting.
Example: Felt, disposable medical gowns.
Types of Fibers in Textiles:
Natural Fibers (obtained from plants and animals):
• Cotton (plant)
• Wool (sheep)
• Silk (silkworms)
• Flax (linen)
Synthetic Fibers (human-made, from chemicals):
• Polyester
• Nylon
• Acrylic
Regenerated Fibers (natural material chemically processed):
• Rayon
• Modal
• Lyocell
Applications of Textiles:
Clothing: The most common use (shirts, dresses, etc.)
Home Furnishings: Curtains, bed sheets, carpets.
Industrial Use: Conveyor belts, airbags, geotextiles (for soil reinforcement).
Medical Use: Bandages, surgical gowns, implants.
Technical/Smart Textiles: Fireproof suits, textiles with embedded sensors.
Important Properties of Textiles:
• Strength (resistance to breakage)
• Elasticity (ability to stretch)
• Absorbency (ability to take in moisture)
• Thermal Insulation (retain heat)
• Durability (resistance to wear and tear)
• Aesthetic Appeal (color, texture, drape)
In Simple Terms:
Textile = fabric or cloth.
Made from fibers/yarns.
Can be woven, knitted, or bonded.
Found in clothing, homes, industries, and even futuristic tech.
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